Gonadal development in early life stages of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spratelloides gracilis</Emphasis>

ABSTRACT:   The gonad of Spratelloides gracilis was not sexually differentiated in the yolk-sac, preflexion, flexion and postflexion stages. Sexual differentiation and development of the ovary and testis started in the transition stage from larva to juvenile. In juveniles at the fin ray completion stage, the ovary and testis could be distinguished because the ovary contained germ cells initiating meiosis and the testis had blood vessels and a high density of somatic cells. The ovary further developed in larger juveniles to have oocytes of perinucleolus stage together with those of the chromatin nucleolus stage, and oogonium. However, in the testis of larger juveniles, primary spermatogonium began proliferation by meiosis. Sexual differentiation may be regarded as one of morphological and functional changes accompanying metamorphosis in S. gracilis . Some fish larger than the mature size of 60 mm standard length had advanced germ cells and functional gonads, others did not have functional gonads. The distal end of the immature gonads did not connect with a genital duct near the anus. These observations indicate that S. gracilis has large variability in size-at-maturity. The variability in size-at-maturity in S. gracilis , together with large variability in age-at-maturity, may constitute an ecological basis for an extended spawning season in S. gracilis .     

促性腺激素受体在雌性水牛生殖器官的表达定位研究

为研究促性腺激素受体(FSHR、LHR)在广西雌性水牛生殖器官中的分布情况,运用免疫组化SABC法对处于不同发情周期(卵泡期、黄体期)成年水牛的卵巢、子宫、输卵管中FSHR、LHR分别进行染色定位。结果表明,FSHR/LHR阳性细胞在卵巢主要见于卵巢内膜细胞及卵泡颗粒细胞;子宫主要见于子宫内膜上皮细胞和腺体细胞;输卵管主要见于柱状上皮纤毛细胞。其中,随着发情周期不同,FSHR、LHR的表达量也有所差异,卵巢中卵泡期FSHR、LHR的表达量均高于黄体期;子宫中FSHR的表达量卵泡期高于黄体期,LHR的表达量黄体期高于卵泡期;而输卵管并没有显著差异。     

铅对哺乳期雄性小鼠睾丸损伤的研究

为研究哺乳期染铅小鼠雄性生殖系统的发育状况,通过饮水染铅法,给小鼠不同剂量的醋酸铅(100,300 mg/L和500 mg/L),记录睾丸脏器指标,并采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定血铅水平。结果显示,染铅组小鼠血铅含量均高于对照组,其中300 mg/L和500 mg/L染铅组小鼠血铅水平显著高于对照组。各染铅组小鼠睾丸重量显著低于对照组。说明铅易被机体吸收,并且对生殖系统早期发育有毒性作用。     

Distribution of CD68‐, CD8‐, MHCI‐ and MHCII‐positive cells in the bull and ram testis and epididymis

The mammalian testis possesses a special immunological environment because of its properties of remarkable immune privilege and effective local innate immunity. The testicular immune privilege protects immunogenic germ cells from systemic immune attack, and local innate immunity is important in preventing testicular microbial infections. Thus, this study aimed to immunohistochemically demonstrate the distribution and localization of CD68‐, CD8‐, MHCI‐ and MHCII‐positive immune cells in the testes and epididymes. Negative immunoreactivity was detected in the seminiferous tubule epithelium and peritubular myoid cells of the testes upon staining in CD68, CD8 and MHC Class I. Positive CD68 immunoreaction was determined in the Sertoli cells and some Leydig cells. The detection of positive cells for CD8 clearly indicated the presence of lymphocytes. Furthermore, the staining with MHCI intensity was ascertained to vary from weak to moderate in the Sertoli and Leydig cells and connective tissue cells. MHCII‐positive immunoreactivity was determined in myoid cells and Leydig cells in the interstitial area. The epithelium of the epididymis showed positive staining for CD68 and CD8, but the stroma displayed a rather weak staining. In the ram epididymis, neither intraepithelial nor interstitial positive reaction was observed for MHCI. In the epididymis, the basal cells displayed a stronger staining for MHCII. In conclusion, these cells not only contribute to local immunity through their direct effects on the quality of fertility in males, but also contribute either directly or indirectly to immune privilege by minimizing the development of both autoimmune reactions and potentially harmful risks.     

大蒜素联合阿昔洛韦预防复发性生殖器疱疹复发的疗效及对血清IL-2、IFN-γ的影响

目的观察大蒜素联合阿昔洛韦对预防复发性生殖器疱疹（RGH）复发的疗效和血清IL-2、IFN-γ的影响。方法84例RGH患者随机分为大蒜素联合阿昔洛韦组（联合组）和单用阿昔洛韦治疗组（单用组）各42例,观察停药后1a内复发情况和每次复发时皮损、症状消失时间,并采用ELISIA检测治疗前后患者血清中IL-2、IFN-γ水平。结果联合组随访1a内的复发次数明显少于单用组（1.02±0.78vs2.94±0.92,P＜0.01）;联合组治疗后的血清IL-2、IFN-γ水平明显高于治疗前和单用组治疗后（P＜0.01）,而单用组治疗前后血清IL-2和IFN-γ水平均无明显变化（P＞0.05）。结论大蒜素联合阿昔洛韦治疗RGH可减少复发,提高患者的细胞免疫。     

环境激素２，４－二氯苯酚对家蚕生殖发育的影响

为了探讨环境激素对鳞翅目昆虫的影响,用添加2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-DCP)的人工饲料饲养家蚕,调查2,4-DCP对家蚕生殖发育的影响.结果显示,1.60mmol·kg~(-1)以下浓度的2,4-DCP,对幼虫和蛹的卵巢生长有促进作用(P<0.05);1.60mmol·kg~(-1)的2.4-DCP对5龄后期快速生长阶段的卵巢表现出抑制作用,但在蛹期卵巢的生长获得补偿.高浓度的2,4-DCP对幼虫期、蛹期卵细胞的生长和发育有一定的促进作用(P〈0.01).2,4-DCP对家蚕雄性生殖腺的生长、特别是5龄后期精巢的快速生长期表现出一定的抑制作用,在蛹期抑制作用表现十分强烈,1.60mmol·kg~(-1)的2,4-DCP使雄蛾蚕的精巢几乎完全退化.2,4-DCP使5龄幼虫的精细胞数量微弱减少,至蛹期精细胞和蛾期精子的数量则显著少于对照(P<0.01).1.60 mmol·kg~(-1)的2,4-DCP使雌蛾的产卵数下降到对照的20%,但造卵数比对照高1.3倍,0.80 mmol·kg~(-1)以上浓度的2,4-DCP使不受精卵率显著增高(P<0.05).2,4-DCP主要通过强烈抑制家蚕雄性生殖腺和生殖细胞的发育以表现出很强的雌激素效应.     

豪猪雄性生殖器官的解剖研究

了解雄性豪猪的生殖生理,以便为豪猪的人工繁殖技术研究提供基础依据,进而提高豪猪繁殖效率,对雄性豪猪的生殖器官进行了系统解剖研究。结果表明,雄性豪猪的性腺没有明显的季节性变化。雄性豪猪没有阴囊,其睾丸位于腹股沟内;附睾很发达,附睾尾呈圆柱状,并有2.13~2.35 cm的长度游离于睾丸;阴茎前段具有阴茎骨,阴茎骨长2.68~2.90 cm;在阴茎龟头前端的尿生殖道开口处呈花瓣状。其它生殖器官也都具有各自的解剖特征。     

抑制生殖生长对玉米饲用营养价值的影响

抑制玉米鲁单50的生殖生长后，玉米茎鞘和叶片的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和无氮浸出物的含量显著地高于对照，粗纤维、木质素和粗灰分的含量显著地低于对照；但是由于抑制生殖生长后籽粒不能发育形成，在生育后期玉米全株的饲用营养价值低于对照。结果表明，抑制玉米的生殖生长可显著地改善茎鞘和叶片的饲用营养品质，有利于提高乳熟末蜡熟初期收获用作育饲育贮玉米的饲用营养价值。     

论中国农业的可持续发展战略

农业是稳民心、安天下的战略产业,是中国可持续发展的根本保证和优先领域。     

应用肛门鉴别法鉴定雌雄雏火鸡

通过对860只（10批孵化）一日龄雏火鸡进行生殖隆起组织形态观察、摄像绘图,结合解剖观察性器官——睾丸卵巢,发现公雏有6种生殖隆起类型、母雏有5种生殖隆起类型,了解到公母雏火鸡的各种生殖隆起类型所占比例.根据这些生殖隆起类型的特征进行肛门鉴别,雌雄鉴别准确率最高达百分之百.